网络借贷风险缓释机制研究

摘要：互联网金融的发展，对于推动中国金融体系升级换代，促进数字普惠金融和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。然而在此过程中，互联网金融个体网络借贷（P2 P）市场虽然发展快、规模大，却因风险事件频发而备受关注。本书分析了中国网络借贷行业的现状、特征及与发达国家之间的差异，梳理了中国网络借贷模式的演化历程，发现中国网络借贷市场上存在多重风险。因此，需要深入研究网络借贷风险防控措施，加快构建网络借贷市场风险缓释机制。通过梳理目前可用于分散网络借贷风险的六类方式，本书发现，现有风险分担模式下平台迅速转型为信息中介具有较大困难，单独使用其中某一种模式都不足以保障市场风险的释放，需要多管齐下探索新的风险分担模式。本书从短期内如何消化风险存量和长期如何防范风险两个角度来进一步讨论缓释机制。对短期内如何消化风险存量，提出如下建议：设立准入门槛，要求平台持牌经营；建立网贷准备金制度；落实资金存管；设立风险处置预案；建立风险预警机制。从长效机制角度缓释风险的建议主要有：加强互联网金融基础设施建设；强化平台信息披露管理；在合规的前提下容许平台以多种方式分散风险；强调投资者适当性原则，加强投资人审核与保护；制定统一标准，建立及时、全面的网络借贷统计数据库；推动稳健的金融创新，平衡防范风险与创新之间的关系。关键词：P2 P借贷；风险缓释；机制Abstract: The development of Internet finance is of great significance for upgrading China's financial system and promoting the sustainable development of digital inclusive finance and economy.Peer to Peer lending（P2 P）market has been developing rapidly during the process,however,it has attracted much attention due to the frequent occurrence of risk events.The book analyzes the current situation,characteristics of China's P2 P lending and its differences from the developed countries,the evolution process of its operation mode,and finds that there are multiple risks in China's P2 P lending market.Therefore,it is necessary to further study the risk prevention and control measures and speed up the construction of the mechanism of risk mitigation for P2 P lending in China.By analyzing the six kinds of ways that can be used to disperse risk of P2 P lending,the book finds that it is difficult to quickly transform the P2 P platform into information intermediary under the existing risk sharing condition.One of these ways alone is not enough to guarantee the release of market risk,so it is required to explore new risk allocation structure in multiple ways.This book further discusses the mitigation mechanism from two perspectives: how to solve the existing risks in the short term and how to prevent risks in the long run.Following suggestions are put forward to solve the existing risks in the short term.Set up the entrance threshold.Request the P2 P platform to be licensed to operate.Establish P2 P loan reserve system and capital depository system must be practicable.Set up the risk disposal plan and build risk early warning mechanism.Some suggestions are put forward to prevent risks in the long run.Strengthen the construction of Internet financial infrastructure and the management on information disclosure for platforms.Allow the platform to diversify risks in a variety of ways under the premise of compliance.Emphasize the principle of investor appropriateness and strengthen the examination and protection of investors.Specify unified standards to establish a timely and comprehensive database for P2 P lending statistics.Promote steady financial innovation and balance the relationship between risk prevention and Fintech innovation.Key Words: P2 P Lending,Risk Mitigation,Mechanism

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